straight comb albany gamefowl
in referring to these fowl , i say the cross made the stryker whitehackes,but i may be and probaly am, in error there for this reason,after stryker got in with Hoy and Lawman, he could get anything from them he wanted.exactly how he bred from then on no one would know for. Obviously, there are breeders that have allowed them to evolve according to their capacities, while others have tried to change, both willing and unwillingly, this fighting style that is their classic signature. They can shuffle hit in the air and also on the ground without a bill hold. The Judge lucked out on breeding them off the Phil Marsh line and Oakley Blues, when these gamefowl were still at the top of their game. In spite of the numerous and varied crosses that have been made, these fowl today are surprisingly uniform in looks and in action and winning qualities. To make a long story short, he took the pullets or hens Army had that were bred from the Foley Ginger cock and hens that were Slade Roundhead, hatch-Pogmore Henny. To make a long story short, he took the pullets or hens Army had that were bred from the Foley Ginger cock and hens that were Slade Roundhead, hatch-Pogmore Henny. The straight comb Albany is said to be the smarter fighter because it waits for its opponent to make the first move before it reacts, either evading by ducking under the airborne charge or making a counterattack before the enemy rooster can connect. drag fight, the infused Brown Reds are defensive and very calculating which is uncharacteristic He lost his fair share, but he won a majority of the mains he competed in, winning forty-nine stag mains according to a cocker who followed his gamefowl career. Nick Downes, an old Irish man who worked for him for 30 years, claimed Murphy fowl were Lawman Whitehackles. William Morgan of East Orange, New Jersey bred and fought some of the best Whitehackles as a pure stock gamefowl, which were pure Gilkerson cocks sourced from North Britain. Some underrated breeds have lucky come from behind wins and they really occur over even the winningest gamefowl.But knowing how each bloodline fights gives you a heads-up on what you might want to breed or how you may enjoy your entertainment when you go to your next pit fight. Nowadays, We had been much interested in these fowl for the past 9 or 10 years, or longer, ever since we saw some of them back in 1930 or 31. Whats the difference how they are or arent bred, or who bred them? It has a good sense for the fight and can take a lot of damage and continue to fight. of a typical Brown Red. Said to originate from England and Ireland, the Whitehackle is considered by most breeders as the most beautiful gamefowl. This is where the Jumper line of Kelso originated. Radios He can write out the pedigree of any chicken on his yard and trace it right back to 1865 or 70; not another drop of outside blood in all those years. It is a vertical flyer, is known to sidestep and counterattack. The North Britain gamefowl were duckwing red, brown red and pyle. Called North Britain at first and later known as Gilkerson Whitehackles. Often sought on its own as a pure stock battlefowl by fight aficionados who prefer Black fighters. Boston or Allen rounhead, excepts sometimes the boston roundheads exhibit black spurs. Is due to this that in our corrals we need to consider the existence of this basic line of roosters in the actuality of the fighting cocks in Mexico. Yet, compared with todays best cocks, they are positively jokes. As a rule, games are normally easily handled birds, and are a joy to own. All of these traits make them an excellent choice for free ranging, until the stags come of age, then they will need to be separated, as they will fight to the death defending their territory. Clarets come straight combs, black breasted and have wine red feathers hence their name. Immediately people around him would say, Come here, Sweater and the name just stuck; Lacy Roundheads, named after Judge Ernest Lacy. YOU WILL RECEIVE A HEALTHY SELECTED BIRD OF THE SAME BREEDING AND QUALITY. The most sought after strain is the Kearney Whitehackle and the Morgan Whitehackle. !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) Greys are straight combed and medium stationed. The Blue stags and cocks are serious dead game. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. Strain names originated from people that performed well in the pits, with the birds they made themselves through selective breeding. Morgan then took a fifteen-sixteenth Morgan and a sixteenth (Ginger) newbold hen from Stone, and bred her on his own gamefarm. Due to its heavy build from 4lbs up to 6lbs, the Asil is a very hard hitting rooster and can maim an opponent just on bare heels alone. The history tells us that the Albany fighting cocks have a great percentage of Stanford Hatch and Hardy Majoveni blood, this offspring is known as Old Albany, this family spread itself in the United States pretty quickly and each breeder developed their very own family, thats why theres a great variety of Albanys that go from the colored with white feathers, round head and yellow legs, to the brownish red and sorrels from which come off the famous Albany that brought mister Ray Hoskins. If they arent good, a silly pedigree of long, pure breeding isnt going to improve them a particle. They are regarded as an intelligent bird with weaving abilities.Trivia: Lemons are composed of blended blue-faced hatch, white hackle and clarets. beak, and very prominent wings. The history tells us that the Albany fighti Rebel lived life on his terms. The straight comb Albany is said to be the smarter fighter because it waits for its opponent to make the first move before it reacts, either evading by ducking under the airborne charge or making a counterattack before the enemy rooster can connect. Piper, Army Fox later contacted Mr. Hatch about the stolen green leg cock and was told that it had died, but that there were a few stags that had been produced from it. Lemons are either straight or peacombed, light yellow red in color and are either medium or low stationed. The Albany-Claret cock Mr. Shepler sent me was not at all impressive in looks. If you are tired of reading our stuff on these fowl, we dont blame you a bit, and promise this is our last word on the Albanies. Army Fox of Utica, N.Y. got the green leg. The hens are pale yellow or wheaten in color. Their colors range from almost white, blue merle, cinnamon to dark blue. Strain names originated from people that performed well in the pits, with the birds they made themselves through selective breeding. March 04, 2023, Can Gamefowl Breeders and Handlers Get Infected with Avian Flu? After all They are also The Reb Williamson Albany is a power hitting rooster that is very active in the ring. Butchers are straight-combed red that often come white-legged with some coming yellow-legged. Pyles come white, blue, dom, off-white, off-grey or off-red colors. When he died, a Claret cock bred to the same hens and other Clarets down to Mr. Xs Caseys of today were what he had. A Pine Spangle was bred tot he Albany hens and produced cocks that were invincible for five or six years. They are also known to be strong and possess devastating leg power.Trivia: Roundheads origin is oriental fowl, either from India or Pakistan. position available due to their agility and shiftiness. This gamefowl is tops among the so called Black gamefowl. January 27, 2023, The Importance of B-Complex and Liver Extract Supplementation for Gamefowls and Poultry ($350.00 SHIPPED) ONE ALBANY COCK FOR SELL BULLRUN AKINS BLOODLINE. Cockfighting is a large part of our heritage, like it is in many other countries around the world, but due to recent law changes, these beautiful birds are becoming more popular as an ornamental, or show fowl. Most strains have several well-known bloodlines that other breeders have made famous. Mr. Murphy was part owner of Schley and company, a large brokerage firm. The bottom went to his knees like a dress, and the sleeves were rolled up to elbows and were bunched up as big as a football. They are also known to be deadly cutters. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. A rooster with a smart counter attacking style that is offbeat yet on its own produced one of the most popular and successful fighting fowl in long knife slasher fighting that was popular in the U.S. in the 60s to 80s and still is in the Philippines even as cockfighting is now banned in the U.S. 705- Brown Red Stag. Maybe their phenotypes arent uniform but their combating style is exactly the same in all of their lines. n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; he said the cocks that beat him were the best he ever saw, that he would not only never try to beat them again, he was going to try to and get in with hoy and lawman and get some. The Bradford fowl, Laws Clippers, Hard, Cox fowl, Keefer, and many more all contain the blood. Whitehackles are straight combed with red eyes and are medium stationed. The Albany fighting cocks are one of the most famous families, denominated triple all terrain, which is used as mother blood for hybridizations and the offspring are really exceptional. Some say it lacks gameness but crosses with Albanies, Kelsos and Sweaters have it a moderncock fighterto reckon with. These purebred chicks are hatched and shipped directly from our farm with the highest quality genetic stock. The Sumatra line, for example, could be a barred breeding infused with black toppy. Talisayin used to be regarded as an aberration or dehado when matched up with any red rooster or 'Texas.' We asked him about some fowl he had tried out for three years. However, these roosters are considered very slow by themselves for long knife fighting which is popular in the Philippines and the Asian roosters are only used to infuse traits into another bloodline. As Many believe that when a gamefowl is pure of a bloodline name it is a prepotent individual. hackles. The Radio has a medium-high station. While 90% are yellow red in color, the remaining 10% are spangled, mustard colored hackles. The family of the Albany roosters was originated in Albany, New York by the OConnell brothers during the times of 1930. these gamefowl were still at the top of their game. Pakistan. The gamefowl are medium to high stationed with an average weight of 2 to 2.4 kgs. Some examples of these would be: Nigger Roundheads due to their dark feathering; Whitehackles got their name from being a red hackled fowl that if you lifted the hackle feathers, they were white underneath; Bumblefoot Grey fowl got their name from their color, and how these birds were raised in a very rocky area, and showed up at the pits with damaged feet from this on a regular basis. They are red breasted and are yellow legged. A good example of this would be the Kelso fowl. cocks that are as deadly as any red rooster in cutting and gameness. Whitehackles are straight combed with red eyes and are medium stationed. As strong and power-hitting gamefowl, the birds also have deadly cutting strokes and evade harm by breaking high. Roundheads are rather tricky to condition because they tend to mature or peak early as stags, so you must fight your best bird according to its state of readiness. GOT MY BLOODLINES FROM SOME OF THE TOP COCKERS IN THE COUNTRY! YOU WILL RECEIVE A HEALTHY SELECTEDBIRD OFTHE SAME BREEDING ANDQUALITY. Described by veteran gamefowl aficionados as a ring general, the Whitehackle fights best using the long knife slasher type. While 90% are yellow red in color, the remaining 10% are spangled, mustard colored hackles. Kelsos are straight comb and of usually white leg, while some have yellow legs.Genotype Characteristics: Originated by Mr. Walter Kelso. He can write out the pedigree of any chicken on his yard and trace it right back to 1865 or 70, not another drop of outside blood in all those years. 205-446-8554 or lose. Blog especializado en gallos de pelea, para todos los amantes de las peleas de gallos. The Whitehackle gamefowl are straight combed with red eyes and are medium stationed. hit because of their sheer aggressiveness. He had one unusual characteristic; he walked with his legs bent, never straightening them out but always having a bend at the knees. They are said to be the perfect cross for the Lemon and the Kelso. Back years ago, or more, Mr. hatch of Long Island, N.Y., fought a main in Eastern New York. He took pride in raising the finest birds and he devoted his life to his gamefowl Army later talked with Mr. Hatch about having the cock, and he told him what he was, that all of that family were straight combs, etc. The original Kelso was named after Walter Kelso, but one of the most well known breeders that did well with them was Johnny Jumper. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Since then, at every opportunity, we have tried to get a line on how they were originated and bred, up to today. the Blues. Yet, compared with todays best cocks, they are positively jokes. Mel Sims Blacks vary slightly in color from a darker shade of brown-red to a lighter lemon hackle . They are known for their high flying style and accurate cutting. knife and die instantly. Talisayin used to be regarded as an aberration or dehado when matched up with any red rooster or 'Texas.' Gamefowl hatching eggs sweater McGinnis Blue Face Hatch eggs out of pens will be assorted some pure hens in pens,list of hens are jimmy east leipers, . Many breeders have overcome this with infusions with the Asil and other strong birds. THE COCK WAS HATCHED IN MARCH 2021 HE IS MID STATIONED THEY COME 95% PEACOMB 5% STRAIGHT COMB. We must remember that the Albany roosters of the OConnell brothers were half Hatch and half Hardy, which were both very good without excelling, until the OConnell brothers crossed their Old Albany. Regarded as the most beautiful gamecock of its time, even today, this straight combed, red-eyed, 90% are yellow red in color, the remaining 10% are spangled, mustard colored hackles, with nice broad shoulders, compact build and heavy plumage. fbq('track', 'PageView'); Clarets are mostly straight combs, black breasted and wine red in color. They can last a drag fight having deep game as well as fighting smarts. During the times of 2004 this lines started to take over the most important tournaments of the United States. In India and Pakistan however, where gaff-blade (pointed spurs) fighting and bare spurs are the popular form of cockfighting weapons, exclusive Asil versus Asil pit fights are the national pastime. All are green leg, most pea comb (straight comb rarely), medium/high station. The ubuiquitous Boston cock had very strong peacomb genes to give that characteristic to his offspring and descendants for generations to come to this day. Kelsos are known to be high breakers with good timing; high stationed with sleek legs. About all you could see was a face, two hands, and two feet sticking out of a red sweater. The most sought after strain is the Kearney Whitehackle and the Morgan Whitehackle. The Asil is pea-combed, has short feathers, is black and red, Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device. Considered an Asian fowl rather than an American breed because of its roots, Roundheads exhibits black spurs and are peacombs, comign ether yellow legged or white legged, red eyed and pale yellow hackles. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts Many are not deep game as Hatch or Whitehackle, but there are Pyles that are as game. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Morgan bred the Lawman Whitehackle, reduced to one quarter in his own farm. John Hoy, a great cocker around 1900 until his death in 1929, work for Murphy for seven years as a feeder and, Hoy was associated with Billy lawman and had the Lawman Whitehackles and Muffs. The Judge ( a popular American breeder) lucked Jones, who lives in Gatesville, has been raising game chickens for almost fifty years. As you can see, there are many different strains of American games, and I only touched on a very small percentage of the most well known ones, but this should give you more of an understanding on how the different strains were created. Another modern breeder who developed this bloodline is Steve Sturm. He had always had gamefowl, but a few years before had gotten into politics. In the early nineties Morgan gave a small pen of his fowl to a Colonel in Virginia. Morgan got a ginger hen from Perry Baldwin, and put her in the yard of Sonny Stone of Newark. with the mortal slash, when their opponent is down the Radio is too Lets take the Allen Roundheads as a well-known example. The gamefowl are medium to high stationed with an average weight of 2 to 2.4 They are very special! We know of nothing better, not few as good. The heritage breed of Brown Red games, however, traces its lineage to rural Alabama in the 1870s, where a local "cocker" imported a pure line of game fowl from Northern. Thats why the red lights have been on in the worldwide gallistics as the return of the Albany prototype is on wheels. They are known most for being excellent flyers, very good foragers, and you cant beat them for broodiness. very aggressive fighters, and this is often both their advantage and The two yellow legs were bred and produced nothing worthwhile. They are strong and hard hitting game cocks. They were sort of a rusty red with white in wings and tail, call straight comb and all yellow legs and beaks. American gamefowl are some of the hardiest birds that you will ever come across, and in my opinion, by far the most beautiful. Every time we read in a game journal or hear someone arguing about how a famous strain was bred, it used to make us smile. They are also aggressive, fast fighter and deadly. Ninety-five percent of us gamefowl breeders dont know how our own fowl are bred further than two or three generations back. To make his Sweater Killers ( Jesse christened them as his White-Legged Sweater ), he crossed a Kearny Whitehackle and Junior Belts Cowan Roundhead together at a 3/4 Kearny Whitehackle x 1/4 Cowan Roundhead ratio. I can show you a man who claims to have letters from Allen in which he claims his strain was kept good by careful inbreeding. But more often than not. They are dark red wine in color and yellow legged. 70% are yellow legged, while the remaining 30% have white legs.Genotype Characteristics: Lemons are known to be accurate cutters with good timing. The Kearny Whitehackle is 100% straight comb. dark-eyed and with characteristic black and burgundy feathering, the only weakness of this strain is a seeming lack of gameness and stamina. However, the green leg was acquired by a breeder named Army Fox of Utica, New York. From here on, our previous writings on these fowl are correct. 7,267 likes. Frank Stryker eventually became a member of what some refereed to as the Albany combine that is Billy Lawman, John Hoy and others who controlled the Lawman white hackles and muffs : considered by men living today, who saw them in their prime, as the greasiest fowl ever to land on these shores. They are also orange in color with occasional straight comb. PLEASE ENTER THE PHOTO NUMBER OF YOUR CHOICE, ALONG WITH ANY DETAILS IN THE CONTACT US FORM. They are white-legged or yellow-legged and straight or peacombed. chances in the pit. This mating, for some unknown reason, produced all very small fowl, 4.0, 4.04, 4.06, etc., too small for practical purposes although they were exceptional fighters and very game. It can duck attacks and retreat into small spaces to gain valuable time waiting for the perfect time to strike. compared with modern gamefowl, the Radio is a tad slower so breeding It is known as a vertical flyer, and is known to sidestep and counterattack. THANKS JEFF FROM BLUEWATER FARM. Hatchescome in medium to low stations and with glossy, long and tough feathers. against unwary offbeat gamefowl. American games were created by the various European, and Oriental games that were brought into our country by our forefathers. Greys are aggressive and hard hitting game Practically all of them were given away. About this time and for some years previous, Tom Foley of Troy, N.Y., had a strain of extras good ginger colored fowl, and Army Fox sent to him and asked for a good cock to breed. Whether you are a breeder, exhibitor, or just looking for a backyard pet, these chicks are perfect for you! Roundheads are smart fighters with weaving abilities or the often prized evasion trait of side-stepping because of their natural agility. The Whitehackles are regarded as a ring generals, fighting tactically and engaging its enemy from any position available due to their agility and shiftiness. traded some Hatch fowl, and in 1958, J.D. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Hatches hit very hard and are known for their deep game. kgs. On a recent trip to Troy, we found out it was only approximately correct, so, here it is again. About half of them looked like Hennies, and while game, better than the Hennies, and thats about all that could be said of them.About this time and for some years previous, Tom Foley of Troy, N.Y., had a strain of extras good ginger colored fowl, and Army Fox sent to him and asked for a good cock to breed. They have red eyes with wheaten or pale yellow hackle. As pit fighters they are very clever; fighting with hard He got one the good whitehackle bloodline. I shall give you the history of the straight comb strain first because they were the first fowl that I really bred. Originally sired from the Hatch-Butcher-Claret blends of the late Duke Hulsey, Paeng created subfamilies from the original stocks. was advertising Blueface for sale. Greys are aggressive and hard hitting game cocks that are as deadly as any red rooster in cutting and gameness. fast with multi-shuffling hits on top of its enemy. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Been breeding competitive gamefowl since 1990. One of the most popular of the Hatch family for its proven winning ways. Typewriters fight high in the air and break high too. These conflicting accounts highlight the complexity and uncertainty that often surrounds the history of gamefowl breeding. At that time the village of Cornell had some men who kept a few half-mile running horses, a few scrub game cock and boasted of one real 100-yard dash men. Another outstanding fast cutting Black gamefowl in a class all its own. Purpose: Ornamental, Cockfighting (where legal), Comb: Pea, Straight, Triple, and combinations of each, Breed Temperament: Aggressive towards other birds, but easily handled by people. They also possess wings and tails that have white streaks and usually white legged. They are also as beautiful when seen fighting in the pit. I have some quality kelso cross, romero Albany cross, bullstag to 2 years old, price 150-200 each . I can show you a man who claims to have letters from Allen in which he claims his strain was kept good by careful inbreeding. Coming dark-legged, dark-eyed and with characteristic black and burgundy feathering, the only weakness of this strain is a seeming lack of gameness and stamina. We know they were good. At 1-2 years of age the roosters are dubbed or "trimmed" which means the comb, wattles, and earlobes are removed. Shawlnecks and white hackles have always been almost identical in appearance and the cross made a family outstanding, typical whitehackles. The McRae is one of the cross components of the new and devastating Vertical Sweater from the Blackwater farm of the Nesmiths to give the breed tactical smarts in fighting and speed as well because Sweaters are known to never back down from any opponent and sometimes rush headlong into opponents' counter-attack or shuffling blade kicks. They are said to be the perfect cross for the Lemon and the Kelso. They are known for their accurate cutting ability and brainy fighting style, leading many experts to say when a Butcher hits you, you are hit. The Bradford fowl, Laws Clippers, Hard, Cox fowl, Keefer, and many more all contain the blood. Roundheads are known to possess devastating leg power and are characteristically flyers that break high. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. Some of the more popular strains are Hatch, Kelso, Albany, Sweater, Whitehackle, Claret, Roundhead, and Butcher. PLEASE ENTER THE PHOTO NUMBER OF YOUR CHOICE, ALONG WITH ANY DETAILS IN THE. In two different issues of the Warrior some time last summer, we gave you the history of the Albany fowl; one of todays winning strains of fowl. The Grey roosters are straight combed and medium stationed which have silver hackles and saddle feathers, and either black or grey speckle breasted. Sometime in the 80s and 90s, When we arrived home, he found someone had stolen three cocks from his shipping coops, the ones he had taken along for the main. Roundheads are smart fighters with weaving abilities or the often prized evasion trait of side-stepping because of their natural agility. Sometimes, this fighting spirit is what sustains a Brassback and lets it pull off a win inspite of injuries sustained during a fight. We had been much interested in these fowl for the past 9 or 10 years, or longer, ever since we saw some of them back in 1930 or 31. Shortly after this, Army met a friend of his in Albany, whom we must refer to as Mr. X. Mr. Langston chose to breed with Oriental fowl, and the outcome helped him win 13 straight fights in long knife in his outing with the Whitehackle hybrid crosses years ago and recently he won 4-cock derby using the same Kearney Whitehackle cross. 708 - Brown Red . 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); They are also hard hitting and aggressive. t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Published by Asil (I loved Oriental fowl). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. FORM. !-> of fighting. They can shuffle hit in the air and also on the ground without a bill Lemon 84 comes lemon hackled,pea combedor straight-combed and yellow and green-legged. probably fought more mains and won a larger majority than any cocker who ever lived in this county. The Claret is one of those pure stock bloodlines that the Old-Guard-of-Sabungeros love to rely on as base pure broodstock that can match up with ANY gamefowl as a fighting cock when it comes to deadly cutting. Both exchanged ideas on how to cross and raise the Whitehackle for better fighters. In the air they are a match with almost any air fighter but on the ground, they literally trample their opponents to submission. Their strong, powerful, cuddly and straight forward combat style has allowed them to take over a place that they never stopped owning. These will be good for competition, but you can also use an Oriental dosage for competition using a good pea-comb bloodline such as Albany or Boston Roundhead. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Sounds silly, but its true. During the winter, big floppy combs get frostbite and become necrotic, especially in a straight combed rooster. His friend told him the cock had died, and that he wasnt his type of chicken anyway. By: Daniel Thornton & Randy Stevens. try to search Candice Jean Gamefarm on facebook or at google and speak to Mr. Charlie Cruz. If they arent good, a silly pedigree of long, pure breeding isnt going to improve them a particle. Whitehackles have an average weight of 2 to 2.4 kgs.and are medium stationed fighting cocks. As Johnny Jumper says, they aren't very smart Finally, we thought we had it right and gave in to you. Whitehackes have nice broad shoulders, compact build and heavy plumage. All the damned things would do is stand there like fence posts and take whatever the other cock handed them. Now, we happen to know a considerable amount of those fowl and their owner. Breed Statistics: Purpose: Ornamental, Cockfighting (where legal) Comb: Pea, Straight, Triple, and combinations of each Broodiness: Frequent Climate Tolerance: All Climates Breed Temperament: Aggressive towards other birds, but easily handled by people. In looks, these two lines of Sweaters show almost no resemblance. And, after hoy left Murphy, some of the fowl remained. A few more examples of this are: Marsh Butchers, named after Phil Marsh; Sweaters, named after Herman Sweater McGinnis, who got his nickname from one day in 1926, the temperature dropped considerably, and Herman McGinnis was seen wearing a red knit sweater with buttons down the front. Bloodline HistoryMorgan WhitehackleCol. The Radio has a A Pine Spangle was bred to the Albany hens and produced cocks that were invincible for five or six years.When he died, a Claret cock bred to the same hens and other Clarets down to Mr. Xs Caseys of today were what he had.
Local Bands Chicago Suburbs,
Grounded Sunken Treasure Burgl Chip,
Single Family Homes For Rent Gainesville, Fl,
Brain Fog After Getting Covid Vaccine,
Bismarck Police Impound Auction 2021,
Articles S