This article serves as an introduction to the British peerage*, which has evolved over the centuries into the five ranks that exist today: duke, marquess, earl, viscount and baron. The Norman conquest of England introduced the continental Frankish title of "count" (comes) into England, which soon became identified with the previous titles of Danish "jarl" and Anglo-Saxon "earl" in England. Thomas Northcote, Viscount St Cyres, eldest son of the Earl of Iddesleigh, 120. This hereditary claim to this office, probably descended from, Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Charles Howard, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester, Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, The 6th Earl of Suffolk and 1st Earl of Bindon, The 12th Earl of Suffolk and 5th Earl of Berkshire, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The history of the Royal heralds and the College of Arms", "The Monarchy Today > the Royal Household > Official Royal posts > Earl Marshal", Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave, The dormant and extinct baronage of England - Banks - PP356ff, Royal Household in England, Scotland and the United Kingdom, Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, Apothecary to the Household at Sandringham, Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal, High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Armour-Bearer and Squire of His Majesty's Body, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_Marshal&oldid=1132541958, Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom, Pages using infobox official post with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015, Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1672 (current office granted by Letters Patent), This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 10:30. The Duke of Ireland was a title used for only two years and is somewhat confusing since only a small portion of Ireland was really under the control of England in 1386; it is not to be confused with the dukedoms of the Peerage of Ireland. Duke of Hamilton, General Blake, Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Shaftsbury, Duke of Monmouth, Admiral Ruyter, . Montague-Smith, P. W. (2015). In the Peerage of England, the title of duke was created 74 times (using 40 different titles: the rest were recreations). The younger sons and the daughters of a duke or marquess are, by courtesy, termed Lord X or Lady Y Smith. Debretts peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage: with Her Majestys Royal Warrant Holders. Kingston upon Thames, Surrey: KellysDirectories Ltd. As members of the Royal Family, these dukes rank higher in precedence than they would by virtue of the seniority of their dukedoms alone. Adam Knox, Viscount Northland, eldest son of the Earl of Ranfurly (Peerage of Ireland), 102. The honors system has nothing to do . Baron is the most populous rank today, with 426 hereditary barons and nine hereditary baronesses. By law the British monarch also holds, and is entitled to the revenues of, the Duchy of Lancaster. Today, there are 34 marquesses. Dudley Ryder, Viscount Sandon, eldest son of the Earl of Harrowby, 91. Knights (sir or Dame) have been given an honor. Earl of Chester (1121) Robert Fitzroy. History [ edit] The office of royal marshal existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting the monarch. He is the eighth of the great officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the lord high constable and above the lord high admiral. 04 Mar 2023 20:18:00 Under the mattress were the Letters Patent to his earldom. Although the 1520 order is theoretically still in effect, in fact the "Blood Royal" clause seems to have fallen into desuetude by 1917 when King George V limited the style of Royal Highness to children and male-line grandchildren of the sovereign. William Herbert, Lord Porchester, eldest son of the Earl of Carnarvon, 57. Alexander Bridgeman, Viscount Newport, eldest son of the Earl of Bradford, 96. Alexander Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles, eldest son of the Earl of Harewood, 92. Those receiving a life peerage, which can't be inherited, also received the title of baron or baroness. This page was last edited on 18 February 2023, at 10:26. [1] Those patents each contain the standard remainder to "heirs male of his body". Introduction of dukedoms into England Edward III of England created the first three dukedoms of England (Cornwall, Lancaster, and Clarence). James Stuart, Lord Doune, eldest son of the Earl of Moray, 21. While non-royal dukes are entitled to a coronet of eight strawberry leaves, to bear at a coronation and on his coat of arms, royal dukes are entitled to princely coronets (four cross pattes alternating with four strawberry leaves). Simon Ramsay, Lord Ramsay, eldest son of the Earl of Dalhousie, 29. Fergus Mackay, Viscount Glenapp, eldest son of the Earl of Inchcape, 128. But those who live outside the U.K. have a difficult time deciphering the Brits' peerage system, which is a complex, overlapping web of dukes, earls, barons and more. Earl marshal (alternatively marschal or marischal) is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). The general order of precedence among dukes is: Whilst the general order of precedence is set according to the age of the peerage, the sovereign's Grace may accord any peer higher precedence than his date of creation would warrant. James Stopford, Viscount Stopford, eldest son of the Earl of Courtown, 67. Thomas Anson, Viscount Anson, eldest son of the Earl of Lichfield, 103. The current royal dukedoms are, in order of precedence of their holders (that is, not in order of precedence of the dukedoms themselves): The title Duke of Edinburgh (United Kingdom) was held by Charles III from 9 April 2021 until 8 September 2022, when it merged into the crown upon his accession to the throne. Frederick Lambton, Viscount Lambton, eldest son of the Earl of Durham, 104. The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, but the Act provided that the persons holding the office of Earl Marshal and, if a peer, the Lord Great Chamberlain continue for the time being to have seats so as to carry out their ceremonial functions in the House of Lords. He served under several kings, acted as regent, and organised funerals and the regency during Henry III's childhood. Dukedoms are the highest titles in the British roll of peerage, and the holders of these particular dukedoms are princes of the blood royal. John Hely-Hutchinson, Viscount Suirdale, eldest son of the Earl of Donoughmore, 80. The order did not apply within Parliament, nor did it grant precedence above the archbishop of Canterbury or other Great Officers of State such as is now enjoyed by royal dukes. Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan, eldest son of the Earl Cowley, 113. The last English dukedom to be forfeit became so in 1715. Harry Hay, Lord Hay, eldest son of the Earl of Erroll, 16. Arthur Howard, Viscount Andover, eldest son of the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, 6. It remains a matter of debate whether early Anglo-Norman counts/earls held their title by tenure (as barons did) or as a personal dignity conferred separately from the land grants. Andrew Stuart, Viscount Stuart, eldest son of the Earl Castle Stewart, 79. Oliver St John, Viscount Kirkwall, eldest son of the Earl of Orkney, 37. 2: Viz. The first, Cornwall, is a title that automatically goes to the heir apparent (if and only if he is also the eldest living son of the Sovereign). Coronet of the dukes of Gloucester and of Kent. Female titles are given in parenthesis and usually designate the wife of a peer. Besides the dukedoms of Cornwall and Lancaster, the oldest extant title is that of Duke of Norfolk, dating from 1483 (the title was first created in 1397). In the general order of precedence, the Earl Marshal is currently the highest hereditary position in the United Kingdom outside the Royal Family. As the eldest son of the Sovereign, the Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay ranks higher in precedence than he would by virtue of the seniority of his dukedoms alone. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. But it placed junior "Dukes of the Blood Royal" above the most senior non-royal duke, junior "Earls of the Blood Royal" above the most senior non-royal earl (cf. The titles of Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester have both become extinct more than once and been re-created as titles within the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Dukes and duchesses are addressed with their actual title, but all other ranks of the peerage have the appellation Lord or Lady. Here are the basics about the five peerage ranks, in order of rank. Crusader Kings 3 console commands and cheats are handy tools for anyone who needs an extra bit of help when first starting out. Julian Grosvenor, Viscount Grey de Wilton, eldest son of the Earl of Wilton, 84. Hugh Cairns, Viscount Garmoyle, eldest son of the Earl Cairns, 117. To conclude: England's Marquesses own only a tenth as much land as the highest tier of aristocracy, the Dukes - though to be fair, much of the 1 million acres of land owned by the Dukes is to be found in Scotland as well as England. the Whole Making a Compendious Abstract of the British History from the Death of King William III. There are 30 Dukes in the UK today. Arundel, Earl of (E, c.1139) - the earldom has been held by the Dukes of Norfolk since 1660, when the 23rd Earl of Arundel was restored as 5th Duke of . Oliver Wallop, Viscount Lymington, eldest son of the Earl of Portsmouth, 46. All hereditary peers are formally addressed as "Lord (or Lady) So-and-So," except for dukes or duchesses who are addressed as "Your Grace." Mark Asquith, Viscount Asquith, eldest son of the Earl of Oxford and Asquith, 127. Frederick North, Lord North, eldest son of the Earl of Guilford, 48. Harry Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, eldest son of the Earl of Rosebery and Midlothian, 40. There are five peerages in the United Kingdom in total. The Tangled Line of Succession to the British Throne, 5 Things You Didn't Know About Princess Diana, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, It entered the Brisith peerage system in 1440. Pool/Max Mumby/Getty Images Much of the world is fascinated by the British royals, with all of their titles. Heraldic representation of the Coronet of a British Duke. Princes in the royal family typically become dukes shortly after coming of age or on their wedding day. As a symbol of his office, he carries a baton of gold with black finish at either end. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of earls in the reign of Richard III of England, List of the titled nobility of England and Ireland 13001309, Complete Peerage, 1st edition, Vol VIII, P 171, Earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon, Robert Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 17th Earl of Winchilsea, Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 12th Earl of Nottingham, William Child Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey, Alistair Sutherland, 25th Earl of Sutherland, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, George Baillie-Hamilton, 14th Earl of Haddington, James Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay, Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 15th Earl of Leven, James Douglas-Hamilton, 11th Earl of Selkirk, Filippo Rospigliosi, 12th Earl of Newburgh, Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee, Patrick Hope-Johnstone, 11th Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 14th Earl of Melville, Charles Finch-Knightley, 12th Earl of Aylesford, Charles Stanhope, 12th Earl of Harrington, George Hobart-Hampden, 10th Earl of Buckinghamshire, Robin Fox-Strangways, 10th Earl of Ilchester, William Pleydell-Bouverie, 9th Earl of Radnor, Alexander Murray, 8th and 9th Earl of Mansfield, Christopher Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Waterford, William Anthony Nugent, 13th Earl of Westmeath, Robert King-Tenison, 12th Earl of Kingston, George Dawson-Damer, 7th Earl of Portarlington, Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore, Richard Graham-Toler, 7th Earl of Norbury, Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn, Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto, James Temple-Gore-Langton, 9th Earl Temple of Stowe, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 5th Earl of Cranbrook, Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Benedict Baldwin, 5th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, David Lloyd George, 4th Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Norton Knatchbull, 3rd Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis, Mark Cunliffe-Lister, 4th Earl of Swinton, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, Alexander Macmillan, 2nd Earl of Stockton, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Earl of Forfar, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earldoms&oldid=1140854177, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1st creation; recreated 1031, 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1067, 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 2nd creation; recreated 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1052, 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 2nd creation; forfeit 10511057; recreated 1051, 1067, 2nd creation; recreated 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 3rd creation; recreated 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 4th creation; recreated 1067, 1067, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 5th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 6th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 7th creation; forfeit 10681070; recreated 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1140, 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 8th creation; recreated 1070, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1071, 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 9th creation; recreated 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 11th creation; recreated 1086, 1139, 1189, 3rd creation; recreated 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, granted by Empress Matilda, unconfirmed by subsequent monarchs, never used by descendants, 4th creation; recreated 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 5th creation; recreated 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 4th creation; recreated 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, de Clinton, Pelham-Clinton-Hope, Fiennes-Clinton, extinct 1661, on the death of the 2nd earl, this title was possibly never actually created, but has been claimed as a subsidiary title by the, extinct 1942, on the death of the 8th earl, de Moravia/Sutherland, Gordon, Sutherland, Leveson-Gower, Sutherland (Janson), peerage earldom dormant, territorial earldom extant, peerage for life only; subsidiary title of the, de Burgh, Plantagenet, Mortimer, Plantagenet, second creation (the first was in the Peerage of Great Britain), Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, Wortley, British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (from 1900 to 1904); former Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in South Africa, Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, and Commander-in-Chief, India, colonial administrator; Consul-General of Egypt (from 1883 to 1907), Conservative Party politician; former First Commissioner of Works (from 1902 to 1905), Liberal Party politician; Lord Steward of the Household (from 1905 to 1907), Liberal Party politician; Lord High Chancellor (from 1905 to 1912), former Prime Minister (from 1894 to 1895); also, Liberal Party politician; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (from 1908 to 1913); former Governor of Victoria (from 1895 to 1900), Conservative Party politician; former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); created, British Army officer and cabinet minister; Secretary of State for War (from 1914 to 1916); formerly British Consul-General in Egypt and Commander-in-Chief, India, Conservative Party politician; former Chancellor of the Exchequer (from 1895 to 1902); elevated to an earldom following his work on government finances during the First World War, cousin and brother-in-law of George V; ennobled after relinquishing his German titles, Liberal Party politician; Lord Chief Justice of England (from 1913 to 1921) and former Attorney General (from 1910 to 1913); created, Royal Navy officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet (from 1916 to 1919), British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (from 1915 to 1919), Conservative Party and Irish Unionist Alliance politician; former leader of the latter (from 1910 to 1919) and a former cabinet minister, Liberal Party politician and colonial administrator; Governor-General of South Africa (from 1914 to 1920), Conservative Party politician; Foreign Secretary (from 1919 to 1924); former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); subsidiary title of the, former Prime Minister (from 1902 to 1905). ), Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage: Clan Chiefs, Scottish Feudal Barons (107th Edition, Burke's Peerage Ltd, London, 2003) Earldom of Wessex), etc. Most of them also had large townhouses in London.The British Royal Family also reserve several for their own personal use such as the Duke of Cambridge.. Thus peers of the blood royal who are neither sons nor grandsons of a sovereign are no longer accorded precedence above other peers. Arthur Guinness, Viscount Elveden, eldest son of the Earl of Iveagh, 126. Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, KG, GCVO, CD, ADC (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964), is the youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and is 14th in line of succession to the British throne. At least three types of early earldoms can be distinguished - (1) earls palatine (e.g. Conservative Party politician and barrister; former Lord High Chancellor (from 1919 to 1922), courtier, Conservative Party politician and financier; former Lord Steward of the Household (from 1915 to 1922), former Governor-General of New Zealand (from 1920 to 1924); a senior Royal Navy officer, Conservative Party politician; former Secretary of State for India and First Commissioner of Works, Viceroy of India (from 1931 to 1936) and former Governor-General of Canada (from 1926 to 1931); created, former Prime Minister (from 1923 to 1924, from 1924 to 1929 and from 1935 to 1937), former Viceroy of India (from 1926 to 1931), Foreign Secretary and British Ambassador to the United States, former Prime Minister (from 1916 to 1922), former Governor-General of Australia (from 1936 to 1945), former Viceroy of India (from 1943 to 1947) and senior British Army officer, former Viceroy of India (in 1947) and senior Royal Navy officer, Labour Party politician; Lord High Chancellor from 1945 to 1951, Governor-General of Canada from 1946 to 1952, and senior British Army officer, Conservative Party politician; former Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, for Air and for the Colonies, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and President of the Board of Trade, former Prime Minister (from 1945 to 1951), Conservative Party politician and businessman; Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1946 to 1955; Minister of Food and Minister of Reconstruction during the Second World War, former Prime Minister (from 1955 to 1957), Conservative Party politician, lawyer and judge; Lord High Chancellor from 1954 to 1962, Labour Party politician; First Lord of the Admiralty during the Second World War and Minister of Defence from 1946 to 1950, former Prime Minister (from 1957 to 1963), additional Scottish title for Prince Edward, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:54.

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