Int J Pharm Investig. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. 2008;26(11):12618. A single frequency laser is directed to the sample contained in a cuvette. California Privacy Statement, The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. ; Patel, T.R. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). Hydrodynamic radii were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS DLS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at high scattering angle (173) to minimise the effects of dust and supramolecular contamination (NIBS, 173). The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. Accessibility We observe that this maximum radius is below 43-1, 115-147. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. Expert Rev Med Devices. Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. Dextran Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. ; Fran, H.P. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. Modelling the endothelial blood-CNS barriers: a method for the Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fixable, Sulen und Kartuschen fr die Chromatographie, Kunststoffartikel und Zubehr fr das Labor, Spektroskopie, Element- und Isotopenanalyse, Alle Themen fr Hilfe und Support anzeigen, Status und Nachverfolgung von Bestellungen, Reagenzien und Kits fr die Neurowissenschaft, Discover how to track and trace cells by imaging , Hier finden Sie unsere brigen Tracking-Produkte fr Sugetier-Zellkulturen, Molecular Probes Dextran-Konjugate Tabelle14.4. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). Ubbelohde, Leo. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Arond L.H. 2006;3(3):37385. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. 2014 Sep;5(9):2324-30. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00319e. The site is secure. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). Pathan IB, Setty CM. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Int. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). (2008). Ther. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. Stokes radius dextran hydrodynamic 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. (1999). The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Nair SS. The unfolding of iRFP713 in a crowded milieu - PeerJ Doke SK, Dhawale SC. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). Cookies policy. Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. Before Microporation was performed 2 times on each sample. Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). (2006). This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. Carbohydr Polym. From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. Macromolecules. (2003). Indo AM J Pharm. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. (1937). A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. pp13-21. ; Yevlampieva N.P. Saudi Pharm J. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. Pure Appl. (2008). Hydrodynamic Radius Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. 2012;29(7):201729. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. WebFITC Products. "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. Privacy Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. ; Picout, D.R. ; Rjumtsev, E.I. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. What is hydrodynamic radius (2001). Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. De Belder, A. N. (2001). In a poor solvent which shows a positive heat of mixing, segments of a polymer molecule attract each other in solution more strongly than attract the surrounding solvent molecules. Format), Citation-(EndNote US20230040324A1 AMINOACRIDINE AND AMINOPYRENE DYES A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. Pharm Res. 2009;301(8):60913. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Viscosity of Liquids. Bookshelf The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Pharm Res. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. Quantitative data are presented as the meanstandard deviation, and comparisons were carried out using one-way ANOVA (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. Polymer molecular weight distribution. The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. (2007). The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. GYA primarily conducted research. Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. Solution properties of branched dextran. WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. Epub 2021 Feb 9. 2013;3(5):3588605. dextran On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. CAS In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Principles of Size Exclusion Chromatography SEC (GFC Hydrodynamic To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Anal. Ann Surg Oncol. A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. Proc. Granath, K. A. Epub 2022 Feb 2. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. The proportionality between []0 and M0.5 is obtained as a limiting law for the no draining regime. WebIn this regard, we chose as crowding agents a number of polymers with hydrodynamic dimensions comparable to those of iRFP713 in different structural states: polyethylene glycol8,000(PEG-8000)withaneffectivehydrodynamicradiusof24.5 1.9(Devanand & Selser, 1991), Dextran-40 and Dextran-70 with hydrodynamic radius of 44.550 and 5864 , Progr. It is a measure of the width of molecular weight distributions (MWD) as well as probability of molecular weight distribution curve (GPC). J Appl Toxicol. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. Hydrodynamic Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Springer Nature. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. Colloid Polym. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Google Scholar. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. Front Microbiol. dextran Epub 2017 Jun 1. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. 2008;28(5):64557. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. dextran hydrodynamic radius Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens, Dextran-Mimetic Quantum Dots for Multimodal Macrophage Imaging, Isolation of lactic acid bacteria starters from, Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. where c is the solute concentration (g/cm3), [] is the intrinsic viscosity (cm3/g), and kH represents Huggins constants (cm3/g). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. In addition, microporated pig skin permeated larger amounts of FITC-dextran than human skin, this can be attributed to the differences in structure between the human and pig skin; the pig skin layer is thinner (SC, 813m) than the human skin (SC, 1017m) and the pig hair follicle is longer (3871m) than the human hair follicle (18m). Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. dextran Studies carried out at different ionic strength you can see them in the references [64, 65] and works with different solvents in the references [66, 67]. Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. 2012 Sep 1;90(1):441-6. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.063. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. 10% neutral buffered formalin was purchased from Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times on each sample. The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. Dextran theta temperature between 43.14 and 44.44C for all the range of molecular weights explains the deviation at 45 and 50C [36, 37]. FOIA The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. (1999). Chem. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. Search However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, 319-326. Crini, G. (2005). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. 2000;3(9):31826. Treatment of acne scars by fractional bipolar radiofrequency energy. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. 2011;5(2):95132. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). An official website of the United States government. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. In the future, we plan to investigate the possibility of enhancing the delivery of other macromolecular drugs such as peptides and siRNAs using the RF-based microporation device. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Dextran 2012;87(6):1728. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. 2018;1:10915. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and Fluorescent and Biotinylated DextransSection 14.5 Dextran 670 GPC Standard | Pharmacosmos Dextran Data File Dextran. 113, 81-86. The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules.

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