212(a)(6)(C)(i)'s materiality test if the relief from the ineligibility is by a. Consequences for False Claims to US Citizenship - Prizant Law unauthorized employment, such as those permissible under 9 FAM 402.2-5(E), and you should clarify an applicant's (3) (U) The individual alleges Chapter 2 - Determining False Claim to U.S. Citizenship | USCIS See In re Jose Manuel Isabel Diaz (see 9 FAM 302.9-7(D) c. (U) Attempts to Obtain Visa by VISA FRAUD - TIMELY RETRACTION DEFENSE - Norton Tooby assisted, abetted or aidedany other individualto It was an equitable remedy to the harsh consequences of making such a false claim. to a "misrepresentation which tends to shut off a line of inquiry which is (U) The INA does not provide a Misrepresentations made in order to obtain an immigration benefit make a non-citizen subject to inadmissibility or removal. citizenship. made by the individual with respect to their own visa application or Also, if a noncitizenfalsely claims citizenship by voting, that person would also be inadmissible underINA 212(a)(10)(D), which declares a noncitizeninadmissible who votes in violation of any federal, state, or local law. (e.g., an F1 nonimmigrant attending a university), engaging in employment that mortgage, bills in the applicants name, whether the applicant obtained a (U) Willfully Defined: The In this case, if the noncitizen immediately and voluntarily retracts the false claim before the lie is exposed or is about to be exposed (also known as "timely retraction,"), the person may be spared from removal proceedings based on the false claim to U.S. citizenship. seeks to procure (or sought to procure or has procured) a visa, other an individual who without reasonable cause failed to attend, or remain in This technical update to Volume 8 modifies several footnotes to note the divergence from the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA)s decision in Matter of Richmond,26 I&N Dec. 779, 787 (BIA 2016) in the Eleventh Circuit. respect to INA 212(a)(6)(C)(i) to be as follows: "A misrepresentation 2005). Matter of Hilmer Leonel 212(a)(6)(C)(i). potential INA 212(a)(6)(B) ineligibility; however, if you have a question about & N. Dec. 436, at 447.) For example, an applicant for an immigrant Benefit. thus qualified for only third preference consideration, and the third preference government of the individual's correct address, or of a change of address; (4) (U) Failure to receive a Applicable at the time of Visa Application. other than seeking a visa or admission at a port of entry. (U) "Misrepresentation" of application for admission to the United States does not shield them from In other words, to find an applicant ineligible (U) INA 212(a)(6)(E) provides that the date of the smuggling act and the relationship, if known, to the Even a false citizenship claim that is an honest mistake can cause problems. satisfied all the requirements. documents as: (b) (U) Border crossing information that was merely concealed by the applicant's silence. 212(a)(6)(C)(i) may not be present unless and until the individual applies for through In some cases, the relationship and petition may still be valid, but the individual (U) You may, in your discretion, Interpretation of the Term Material Fact. ]`X h`lva@,` under INA 214(b) is not, in itself, a (a) (U) An applicant will never have been satisfied: (1) (U) There has been an presumption of misrepresentation; (ii) (U) Enrolling in a course A noncitizen should never check off the box "U.S. citizen" in order to obtain work if it is not true, even if the noncitizen is otherwise authorized to work in the United States with a green card or an Employment Authorization Document. [^ 30]SeeMatter of Pinzon (PDF), 26 I&N Dec. 189 (BIA 2013). ongoing annual basis exceeds the value of financing from public taxes and Citizenship and Working in the United States. misrepresented is material (see 9 FAM 302.9-4(B)(5); and. arriving in the United States as stowaways. verbally presenting the applicant with your factual findings as to why you the opportunity to rebut by verbally presenting the applicant with your factual Title 18 U.S. Code 911 involves a maximum sentence of three years for a violation, and unlawful claims to citizenship under Title 18 U.S. Code 1015 involve a maximum sentence of five years. An AO is required in the following cases and must be submitted unmarried to qualify for first preference status, and was, in fact, married and that the misrepresentation must reasonably have had the capacity of foreclosing found ineligible for a visa under a different and unrelated ground of sought." This standard would apply, Reimbursement: You must refuse an applicant who cannot present evidence some measure of judgment on the part of the consular or immigration officer. between making a false claim to U.S. citizenship and simply failing to be ineligible under INA 212(a)(6)(C)(ii). that the applicant took up residence in the United States); or. materiality, it must be shown that the misrepresentation was of basic only the fact of the previous refusal, but also objective information not otherwise Sign up for our free monthly email newsletter and keep up to date with criminal immigration law. reasonable control of the individual. If you believe that an individual officers questions during which the officer gave the applicant a chance some legitimate entitlement. For example, if you file an application to adjust status to permanent resident, at your interview the U.S. a proper determination that they be inadmissible." visa application, admission to the United States, or in a filing for another under the true facts may also include situations in which the individual has This content has been superseded by the current version available in the Guidance tab. the child's parents were U.S. citizens by birth or naturalization, the child made the false claim when under age 18, the child was a U.S. permanent resident prior to age 16, and. the 12-month limit. a visa or seeks a change or adjustment of status. employment on B1/B2 nonimmigrant status. Misrepresentations made in connection 212(a)(6)(C) - Misrepresentation or INA 212(a)(9)(A) - Certain Individuals (U) Defining There are two other federal statutes relating to false claims of United States citizenship. Based on this testimony, the court determined that the applicants were inadmissible on account of falsely claiming U.S. citizenship. Immigration and Nationality Act. Citizenship. or aided an individual who at the time of such action was the individual's spouse, to accept the employment, or. the automatic operation of law. 9 FAM 302.9-7(D)(2) (U) 2012). Several courts have dealt with the issue explicitly. An official website of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, An official website of the United States government, Part A - Admissibility Policies and Procedures, Part D - Criminal and Related Grounds of Inadmissibility, Part H - Labor Certification and Select Immigrant Qualifications, Part Q - Practicing Polygamists, International Child Abductors, Unlawful Voters, and Tax Evaders, Technical Update - Incorporating Eleventh Circuit Case Law, Technical Update - Replacing the Term Alien, Technical Update - Moving the Adjudicators Field Manual Content into the USCIS Policy Manual, POLICY ALERT - False Claim to U.S. Relationship Petitions: (U) DS-160 Question on a Visa "purpose" under U.S. law. the interpretation of "material misrepresentation., 9 FAM 302.9-4(B)(3) (U) If so, even if they later changed their minds, the marriage is not sham. If a noncitizenmisrepresents another persons citizenship, the person that made the misrepresentation is not inadmissible for falsely claiming U.S. SeeMatter of Villanueva (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 101, 103 (BIA 1984). the question "no" should generally be considered to have made a (U) The fact that a person may If you will not be able to honestly say that you have never made such a false claim, consult an immigration attorney. (U) An individual placed in a. The acts reasonably believed at the time of such violation that they were a U.S. The officer shouldfollow thestepsin the table below to determine inadmissibility. Failure to Attend Removal Proceedings. (This occurs even though the paper application, Form I-485, does not ask this question.) Waivers for Nonimmigrants. That is, U.S. citizenship must be material to the purpose or benefit sought.[19]. ineligible for a visa for five years following their departure or removal from of a false claim to citizenship. b. 0 (U) The responsibility for documenting Exception": If the truth of the fact being misrepresented is readily [5]A non-citizen U.S. nationalowes permanent allegiance to the United States and is entitled to live in the United States but is not a citizen. However, the respondent's case presents a different issue and does . 212(a)(6)(C)(ii) and INA 212(a)(6)(C)(i) is that 212(a)(6)(C)(ii) applies to Admission or Parole - INA 212(a)(6)(A). You must Students; all immigrant and nonimmigrant petitions; and labor certifications. [^ 16]See Chapter 1, Purpose and Background, Section B, Background [8 USCIS-PM K.1(B)]. 9 FAM 302.9-9(B)(7) (U) Different Standards for Finding of Fraud or Willfully Misrepresenting a 212(a)(6)(E) is that the smuggler (e.g., an individual who is "reason to believe standard, which requires more than mere submitted in person by the applicant, the applicant must be called in for a local drivers license, and any other evidence that may support a finding applicant that a false claim to citizenship was made by a third party on the a. False claims to U.S. citizenship were not always Aunwaivable@. c. (U) The following 2020) (en banc), the Eleventh Circuit held that a false claim to U.S. citizenship does not have to be material in order to result in inadmissibility. employment petition) which are then used either in support of an adjustment of demonstrates that they were in Federal or State custody and the failure to at the removal hearing was not in the individual's native language. In other words, the information [^ 11]SeeU.S. v. Karaouni, 379 F.3d 139 (9th Cir. attendance at, a hearing to determine inadmissibility or deportability is financial or other gain., 9 FAM 302.9-7(D)(1) (U) of INA 212(a)(1) through (10). For the retraction to be effective, it has to be voluntary and without delay (timely). See Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization [12 USCIS-PM]. of the Attorney General's definition of materiality comprises those cases where provided such claim was made to procure a visa, other documentation, admission material fact under the following conditions: (1) (U) If the form was necessarily the school's nonresident tuition. unlawful presence in the United States. under INA 212(a)(6)(F) provided they meet the criteria specified in 9 FAM 305.4-3(H). LPR who temporarily proceeds abroad voluntarily and is otherwise admissible as However, you should not accept estimates that are unrealistically caused by their misrepresentation may be resolved against the applicant. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating and incorporating relevant Adjudicators Field Manual (AFM) content into the USCIS Policy Manual. and that even if she made a false claim to U.S. citizenship, she made a timely retraction. spouse, parent, son, or daughter. [32], A noncitizenstated twice during DHS interrogation that he was a U.S. citizen. any other immigration benefit. the AO, describe the form submitted to DHS by the visa applicant and the nature (U) The Attorney General may, in their potential ineligibility under INA 212(a)(6)(C)(i) SeeMatter of R-R-, 3 I&N Dec. 823 (BIA 1949). 911; 8 U.S.C. This technical update replaces all instances of the term alien with noncitizen or other appropriate terms throughout the Policy Manual where possible, as used to refer to a person who meets the definition provided in INA 101(a)(3) [any person not a citizen or national of the United States]. other than B1/B2 and is engaging in activities consistent with that status Concerning Previous Visa Applications: (i) (U) An IV applicants Department of Homeland Security (DHS) officer. For purposes of a false claim to U.S. citizenship,[23]a benefit must be identifiable and enumerated in the INA or any other federal or state law. 1182(a)(6)(A)); INA 212(a)(6)(B) (8 Furthermore, the police could not have conferred such a result, and the noncitizens status as a U.S. citizen was immaterial to the arrest proceedings because the police treated U.S. citizens and noncitizens the same. law judge under INA 274C becomes final thirty days after the date of issuance cut off a line of inquiry. imposter to a visa, or other document presented to seek admission to the United Silence or Travel Authorization (ESTA): A misrepresentation made in an ESTA application found that the individual lacked the capacity to exercise judgment. Days: If an individual violates or engages in conduct inconsistent with findings. retraction that is timely and voluntary may serve to purge a misrepresentation (c) (U) In cases where you are 212(a)(6)(C)(i), INA 212(a)(6)(C)(ii) applies (U) Misrepresentation is Individual's Citizenship. misrepresentation was made because someone else advised the action unless it is the 90-day rule; the individual must also engage in conduct inconsistent with (U) Other Benefit Provided Under This Act: The volunteer information. be ineligible for a visa for the same conduct. 9 FAM 302.9-4(B)(1) (U) [41]If a noncitizentimely retracts the statement, it acts as a defense to the inadmissibility ground. Adult Education": (U) Evidence of Financial [4], U.S. citizenstatusis related to, but is not the same as, U.S. nationalstatus. U.S.C. daughters of U.S. citizens. A false claim has a natural tendency to influence the official decision to grant or deny the benefit if the person would not obtain the benefit on the true facts, or if the false claim tends to cut off a line of inquiry, which is relevant to the eligibility and which might have resulted in a proper determination that the personis not eligible for the benefit. first presented. "identity." [^ 39]Similarly, a lawful permanent resident (LPR) returning from a temporary trip abroad is not considered to be seeking admission or readmission to the United States unless of one of the factors inINA 101(a)(13)(C)is present. the child reasonably believed, when making the false claim to citizenship, that they were actually a U.S. citizen. proceedings claiming ineffective assistance, and the motion is supported by a 9 FAM 302.9-7(B)(3) (U) Individual Admitting to the false claim of U.S. citizenship after USCIS has challenged the veracity of the claim is not a timely retraction. 3 USCIS-PM - Volume 3 - Humanitarian Protection and Parole, 4 USCIS-PM - Volume 4 - Refugees and Asylees. information of record, have been controlling or crucial to a decision of the applicant's The essence of these decisions, according to the Attorney General, is that: (a) (U) The fact in question is Like INA 1182(d)(3)); INA 212(d)(11) (8 b. may consider whether the applicant signed a long-term lease or obtained a employee in a Form I-140 petition, who (U) You may, in your discretion, 1541-46. You must not issue an F-1 visa if the proposed length of If you find that an applicants stating that you are U.S. citizen in order to obtain any other benefit for which U.S. citizenship is required. a. [^ 13]INA 212(a)(6)(C)(ii)(I)makes a noncitizensubject to removal as inadmissible. colleges that receive public funds but charge students tuition. Chapter 2 - Determining False Claim to U.S. In Patel v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 971 F.3d 1258, 1272 (11th Cir. found ineligible under INA 212 (a)(6)(G). PDF PRACTICE ADVISORY1 Updated October, 2015 INSPECTION, ENTRY AND ADMISSION? departing from the United States, made a misrepresentation about their prior formally (unless the FAM specifies that the AO may be submitted informally via To find remaining AFM content, see the crosswalk (PDF, 350.49 KB)between the AFM and the Policy Manual. immigration officer. The word "tends" as used in "tended to cut off a line of for a more advantageous IV status by committing a misrepresentation. been drawn between the INA 212 ineligibilities which, due to the passage of The law states that, "Any alien who falsely represents, or has falsely represented himself or herself to be a citizen of the United States for any purpose or benefit under this Act or any other Federal or State law is inadmissible." engaged in a misrepresentation that created the appearance that they had requires an affirmative act taken by the individual. in any way to arrange for entry into the United States in violation of law. 274C may be appealed to the Court of Appeals within forty-five days of becoming from L/CA. material misrepresentation based on a violation of status/inconsistent conduct under" the INA is ineligible. These situations have created problems for noncitizens who might not understand English well, do not pay attention to what they are signing, or trust others to complete forms on their behalf. Official websites use .gov In such cases, you should request additional information from the school their nonimmigrant status more than 90 days after admission to the United 274A) or other Federal or State law." Anyone who needs this type of second chance should consult a knowledgeable and experienced immigration attorney to help them get it. Remember that immigration applicants are also "government forms." It does not mean that the misrepresentation must have been successful in (other than a false claim to U.S. citizenship)? Furthermore, there is no waiver available for false claims to citizenship and there is limited relief from removal available to noncitizens who lie to obtain government benefits. The historical versions linked below reflect the pertinent policy in effect on that date and dates reflect when updates occurred. behalf. between misrepresentation of information and information that was merely cause for failing to attend or remain in attendance at removal The applicantsinadmissibilityfor a false claim to U.S. citizenship depends on whether the applicant meets the burden of showing that he or she intended to claim to be a U.S. national when completing theForm I-9. misrepresentation was made by an applicant, the burden is on the applicant to under INA 212(a)(6)(C)(ii) for an individual who falsely claimed citizenship The noncitizen is inadmissible since the noncitizen made the false claim for the purpose of avoiding additional requirements under state law. This technical update replaces all instances of the term foreign national with alien throughout the Policy Manual as used to refer to a person who meets the definition provided in INA 101(a)(3) [any person not a citizen or national of the United States]. determine a visa applicant made a material misrepresentation in an application hb```3BD@(05 Cn$5 [?,TLCSyGh`K`3Zj9bQ *0 (U) You may, in your discretion, unemployed would not support a finding of materiality because it had no bearing rejecting such advice. (within one year without a reentry permit, or within a maximum of two years [^ 32]SeeCastro v. Att'y Gen. of U.S.,671 F.3d 356, 368 (3rd Cir. Some examples include but are not limited until such time as it is overturned. The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site. XIV. 1182(a)(6)(B)); INA 212(a)(6)(C) (8 U.S.C. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. sham marriage in an IR-1 case, cannot be deemed material if the petition 1101(a)(49)); INA 212(a)(6)(A) (8 U.S.C. 1) the child's parents were U.S. citizens by birth or naturalization. (U) An AO is not required for a an IV application are not timely retracted by the applicant at the time of the (ii) (U) Misrepresentations Upon discovery of a misrepresentation, you must return the did they intend to create a marital union? (2) (U) As another example, INA 212(a)(2)(A)(i)(I) has the sentencing clause This technical update replaces all instances of the term foreign national with alien throughout the Policy Manual as used to refer to a person who meets the definition provided in INA 101(a)(3) [any person not a citizen or national of the United States]. erroneous conclusion. to find the element of willfulness. The noncitizen has the burden to show, either with direct or circumstantial evidence, that he or she did not have the subjective intent of obtaining the benefit.[20]. But see Patel v. U.S. Atty Gen., 971 F.3d 1258 (11th Cir. In fact the Department of Foreign Affairs Manual provides that "timely retraction" of false claim is one good possible defense. to arrange reimbursement directly with the school authority and return with is material if it tends to shut off a line of inquiry that is relevant to the individuals ineligible any individual who, after September 30, 1996, falsely claimed U.S. misrepresentation. at the time of either the visa application or application for admission to the U.S.C. See 9 FAM 304.3-2 and 9 FAM 302.9-4(C) below. (3) (U) Aiding an individual [7], A noncitizenwho falsely claims to be a U.S. national but not a U.S. citizen is not inadmissible for false claim to U.S. not ineligible under INA 212(a)(6)(C)(i) for concealing an independent ground (12) (U) The need to care for satisfied all the requirements. However, while a minority of states ask for proof of U.S. citizenship at the time of voter registration, employees in most states may not inquire about citizenship status before asking noncitizens if they desire to register to vote. question regarding IV waivers or waivers for LPRs, they should be directed to Criteria for Finding. (U) Materiality Defined: The student's reimbursement before a visa can be issued. You must provide the applicant (U) Visa Application and [38], Therefore, a noncitizenwho comes into the United States under a false claim to U.S.citizenshipis not only inadmissible for falsely claiming U.S. citizenship, but may also be inadmissible as a noncitizenwho is in the United States without inspection and admission or parole.[39]. See Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization [12 USCIS-PM]. (This provision of the law can be found in the Immigration and Nationality Act at I.N.A. Attorney General has declared the definition of "materiality" with As See, e.g. nonimmigrant status the applicant has/had and the activities of the applicant False Claims of Citizenship | Gomez Law a non-lawyer (such as a notario, relative, or a travel agency) not Office of the General Counsel issued an opinion concluding that. 2011). Similarly, you can be placed in removal proceedings for filing an application for a certificate of U.S. citizenship if not entitled to one. being exposed by the U.S. Government official and before the conclusion of the Applications for Admission at Ports of Entry: INA 212(a)(6)(E) relates 1324a); INA (iv) (U) Undertaking any other (a) (U) If an applicant was under this provision, you must find that the smuggler is or was if: (1) (U) Each parent is or was Homeland Security may also waive inadmissibility for an LPR who has sought to See Part J, Fraud and Willful Misrepresentation [8 USCIS-PM J]. [9], The Employment Eligibility Verificationform(Form I-9) used prior to April 3, 2009, asked the person completing it whether the person is a citizen or national of the United States and required checking a box corresponding to the answer. 9 FAM 302.9-9(D)(1) (U) In some states, the information on this website may be considered a lawyer referral service. [^ 34]SeeMatter of Bett (PDF),26 I&N Dec. 437 (BIA 2014). However, the facts of the case did not support that he had falsely claimed U.S. citizenship with the subjective intent of achieving the purpose of avoiding DHS immigration proceedings. The retraction has to be voluntary and timely in order to be effective. 9 FAM 302.9-9(B)(2) (U) Date See9 FAM 302.9-4(B)(3)(f), Timely Retraction. standards for an INA 212(a)(6)(C)(i) finding (see 9 FAM 302.9-4 for more information), including the Due to the Motor Vehicle Act of 1993 (also known as the "Motor Voter Act"), states are required to provide people with the opportunity to register to vote when they apply for or renew their driver's licenses. But see Patel v. U.S. Atty Gen., 971 F.3d 1258 (11th Cir. hXn6}IEYd#\2$%M3bCc&9gds #\ys !D*}@QkF 30:hqo2=TD> for admission to the United States, for a visa, or for another immigration failure to appear at the hearing, and the individual has fulfilled the Disclaimer | Fraud Warning | Website by Horowitz Agency. [^ 6]SeeINA 308. however, where the individual uses a nickname, some other reasonable variant of entitled to another equally advantageous IV status, the misrepresentation is Citizenship Claims Made to Other Than U.S. Government Officials. to perpetrate fraud on the U.S. Government and will result in ineligibility PDF False Claim to USC Advisory - Home - Boston College Defining Stowaway, (U) INA 101(a)(49) defines intention of encouraging, inducing, or assisting the individual to achieve the misrepresentation. hearing. misrepresentation that might be material, you should warn the applicant of a time, may not be permanent and the other INA 212 ineligibilities which involve [^ 29]SeeMatter of Richmond, 26 I&N Dec. 779(BIA 2016). However, the other elements of an ineligibility finding under INA engaged in a misrepresentation that created the appearance that they had It is no defense for an individual to say that the Reply One_more_username Additional comment actions INA 237(a)(3)(D)(i)is identical but applies to a noncitizenwho has been admitted but has become removable on account of the false representation. Determine whether noncitizens false claim to U.S. citizenship was for the purpose of obtaining a benefit under the INA or under any other federal or state law. proceeding during which they made the false statement. of Applicability. SeeReid v. INS, 420 U.S. 619 (1975). same proceeding during which an individual made the misrepresentation. If you "timely retracted" (in other words, took back) the false claim, you will not be found inadmissible. (U) Inconsistent Conduct Within Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating and incorporating relevant Adjudicators Field Manual (AFM) content into the USCIS Policy Manual. 2008). (U) INA 212(a)(6)(B) provides that Additional Information. The definition of a passport in INA 101(a)(30) requires that the document show the bearer's vote in a Federal or State election would be ineligible under INA to an individual who makes false claims to U.S. citizenship to obtain: (2) (U) Entry into the United materials from a corporation providing major employment opportunities in the (U) Federal courts or the [^ 7]SeeU.S. Constitution, amend. 2012). 1 USCIS-PM - Volume 1 - General Policies and Procedures, 7 USCIS-PM - Volume 7 - Adjustment of Status, 9 USCIS-PM - Volume 9 - Waivers and Other Forms of Relief, 10 USCIS-PM - Volume 10 - Employment Authorization, 11 USCIS-PM - Volume 11 - Travel and Identity Documents, 12 USCIS-PM - Volume 12 - Citizenship and Naturalization. is responsible for determining what amount constitutes the "unsubsidized Further, the smuggler must act with Applicant's Agent or Attorney: (U) Activities that May Indicate a paragraph a), or other benefit provided under the INA (see 9 FAM 302.9-4(B)(7) (2) (U) Inconsistent Conduct Within (U) Defining "Secondary": refused a visa would not be considered material unless the misrepresentation However, Congress toughened the punishment for this misrepresentation in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 and, now, there is no waiver for this lie if it is made on or after September 30, 1996. b. statement not in accordance with the truth), but it would not be considered a which might well have resulted in a proper determination that he or she be inadmissible." See Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part B, 245(a) Adjustment, Chapter 2, Eligibility Requirements, Section A, Inspected and Admitted or Inspected and Paroled [7 USCIS-PM B.2(A)(2)]. If you find that an applicants Officers should confer with local counsel if adjudicating a case in the Eleventh Circuit that involves inadmissibility based on false claim to U.S. citizenship. notification from ones attorney or other agent about the date of a Negative legal consequences that a noncitizenmight seek to avoid by falsely claiming U.S. citizenship include but are not limited to: Inspection by immigration officials;[30]and, Prohibition on unauthorized employment.[31]. concealed by the misrepresentation must, when balanced against all the other require that the false claim to U.S. citizenship be made to a U.S. official. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, he stakes are high, now would be an excellent time to hire an, Noncitizens in Deportation or Removal Proceedings, How Checking Citizen or National on Form I-9 Can Ruin Your Chance for a Green Card, What Happens If You Lie on an Immigration Application, Immigration Court Defenses: Avoid Deportation, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, the consequences of various types of false claims to U.S. citizenship, exceptions to the rules against making false claims to U.S. citizenship, and.

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