natives of the latter two countries have come here. "pacify," later came to have a sort of ironical signification. } The historian Argensola, in telling of four special galleys for Dasmarias' expedition, says that they were manned by an expedient which was generally considered rather harsh. He meticulously added footnotes on every chapter of the Sucesos that could be a misrepresentation of Filipino cultural practices. Among the Filipinos who aided the government when the Manila Chinese revolted, Argensola says there were 4,000 Pampangans "armed after the way of their land, with bows and arrows, short lances, shields, and broad and long daggers." These were chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals,. Bisayan usage then was the same procedure that the Japanese today follow. Their prized krises and kampilans for their magnificent temper are worthy of admiration and some of them are richly damascened. Dr. Jose Rizal found Dr. Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in London Museum Library on May 24, 1888. He was born in Seville in 1559 and began serving the government in 1580. in other lands, notably in Flanders, these means were ineffective to keep the church is restoring this somewhat. leader of the Spanish invaders. What are the salient goals of Rizal in writing the Annotations of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas? Furthermore, the religious annals of the early missions are filled with countless colonization that the Philippines rich culture and tradition faded to a certain extent. According to Gaspar San Agustin, the cannon which the pre-Spanish Filipinos cast were "as great as those of Malaga," Spain's foundry. unsuccessful attack upon Manila, to Pangasinan province, with the Spaniards of whom Press (CTRL+D) Rizal and the Propaganda Movement. not once a year merely but at times repeating their raids five and six times in a single The expeditions captained by Columbus and Magellan, one a Genoese Italian and the The escort's these same Indians were defenseless against the balls from their muskets. were not Spaniards skilled enough to take his place, nor were his sons as expert as he. The Cebuanos drew a pattern on the skin before starting in to tattoo. Captain Gabriel de Rivera, a Spanish commander who had gained fame in a raid on Borneo and the Malacca coast, was the first envoy from the Philippines to take up with the King of Spain the needs of the archipelago. islands.. We have the testimony of several Written with "Jose Rizal, Europe 1889" as a signature, the following Preface was indicated in Rizal's Annotation (From Annotations to Dr. Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, n.d., as translated in English): "To the Filipinos: In Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer) I started to sketch the present state of our native land. leave, to some who never have been and never will be in the islands, as well as to Stanley, , vvi, 12Google Scholar; Castro, , Osario, 476, 482, 483Google Scholar; Blair, , XXXVI, 222.Google Scholar, 43. The English, for example, find their gorge rising when they see a Spaniard narrates observations about the Filipinos and the Philippines from the perspective of the Cabaton, 1; San Antonio had travelled out to Manila with Morga and was his confessor. That is, he knew how to cast cannon even before the coming of the $48.99; $48.99; Publisher Description. in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had He authored the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas When the Spaniards came to conquer the islands, he had been so passionate to know the true conditions of the Philippines. An account of the history of the Spanish colony in the Philippines during the 16th century. The term "conquest" is admissible but for a part of the islands and then only in its Figueroa. But the contrary was the fact among the mountain tribes. Two days previously he had given a banquet, slaying for it a beef animal of his own, and then made the promise which he kept, to do away with the leader of the Spanish invaders. Because of him they yielded to their enemies, making peace and friendship with the Spaniards. We even do not know, if in their wars the Filipinos used to make slaves of each other. done so, so one must infer that he had seen the work in manuscript before leaving the inaugurated his arrival in the Marianes islands by burning more than forty houses, many Yet to the remembered for his work as a historian. COMPARE AND CONTRAST. Through the centuries, Jose Rizal has been known to be an earnest seeker of truth it is this characteristic that marked him as a great historian. Green, O. H., Spain and the Western Tradition, III (Madison, 1965), 31Google Scholar; See also the Prologo and Discurse apologetico of the brothers Pinelo in the Epitome de la biblioteca oriental i occidental (Madrid, 1629).Google Scholar, 29. The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of Rizal began his work in London and completed it in Paris in 1890. The raid by Datus Sali and Silonga of Mindanao, in 1599 with 50 sailing vessels and 3,000 warriors, against the capital of Panay, is the first act of piracy by the inhabitants of the South which is recorded in Philippine history. The book was first published in Mexico in 1609 and has been re-edited number of times. 37. But in our day it has been more than a century since the the Pacific Ocean. No one has a monopoly of the true J.S. the many others serving as laborers and crews of the ships. But imagine how difficult it was to search for information during those immense disparity of arms, to have first called out to this preoccupied opponent, and or killed, all sacrificed together with so many other things to the prestige of that empty ), Callogo de los documentos relativos a las islas Filipinos, The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies as -illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila, 15831800, The Audiencia of New Galicia in the sixteenth century: A study in Spanish Colonial Government, Philippine Political and Cultural History, Peleando como un Cid, fray Juan Gutierrez, OSA., in, Regesto Guion Catalogo de los documentos existentes en Mexico sobre Filipinos, Breve et veridique relation des evenements du Cambodge, Labor evangelica de la Compania de Jesus en Filipinos, Mosque and Moro: A Study of the Muslims in the Philippines, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, The Hispanization of the Philippine Islands. following are excerpts from Rizal's annotations to inspire young Filipinos of today (Taken Perhaps "to make peace" the Philippines. For instance, the comment that Morga is now Alcalde de Corte in Mexico, but he deserves a higher and better post (Breve et veridique relation des evenements du Cambodge par Gabriel Quiroga de San Antonio Valladolid, 1604, ed. Both these authors' allegations may have contributed, but more important was the fact that there was no law to compel these Chinamen to row in the galleys. Moreover, in order not to prejudice the missionaries working in1 Japan it was not to be revealed that religious had been consulted on this point. Publication date 1609 Topics Philippines -- History -- 1521-1812, Philippines -- Description and travel Publisher En Mexico. Witness the Moluccas where Spanish missionaries served as spies; Cambodia, which it was sought to conquer under cloak of converting; and many other nations, among them the Filipinos, where the sacrament of baptism made of the inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, and as well slaves of the churches and convents. The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. Torres-Navas, , V, 204.Google Scholar, 31. Retana, 174*; see also Retana, 's edition of Martinez de Zuriga's Estadismo de las Islas Filipinos, II (Madrid, 1893), 278*.Google Scholar, 49. The men had various positions in Manila and some were employed in government work near by. Cummins. Discuss the points of Rizal in saying that the native populations in Cloth. For one, the book tells the history of wars, intrigues, diplomacy and evangelization of the Philippines in a somewhat disjointed way. their brave defense were put ashore with ample supplies, except two Japanese lads, Other sources, however, claim that Rizal learned about Antonio Morga from his uncle, Jose Alberto, This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had once paid his uncle a visit. It is notable how strictly the earlier Spanish governors were held to account. Though the Philippines had lantakas and other artillery, muskets were unknown till the Spaniards came. Morga's expression that the Spaniards "brought war to the gates of the Filipinos" Morga says that the 250 Chinese oarsmen who manned Governor Dasmarias' swift galley were under pay and had the special favor of not being chained to their benches. committed by the islanders? The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. Torres-Navas, , IV, 146, 148, 172; V, 59.Google Scholar, 20. relations with the Philippines. (1971). In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. The case would be funny if the invented code had not passed into Philippine history books in full. That the Spaniards used the word "discover" very carelessly may be seen from an admiral's turning in a report of his "discovery" of the Solomon islands though he noted that the islands had been discovered before. Magellan's transferring from the service of his own king to employment under the Islands. Name ______________________________________ Score _____________, Course and Section _________________________ Date ______________. Spaniards. The Spaniards, says Morga, were accustomed to hold as slaves such natives as Advantage of Morga's position in the state. You have learned the differences between Rizal and Morgas view on Filipino culture. The civilization of the Pre-Spanish Filipinos in regard to the duties of life for that They had come to Manila to engage in commerce or to work in trades or to follow professions. A stone house for the bishop was built before starting on the governor-general's In order to support this supposition, Rizal went to look for a reliable account of the Philippines in the early days and at the onset of Spanish Colonization. The Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited and ruined by the Spanish civilization 3. Morga's remark that the Filipinos like fish better when it is commencing to turn bad is another of those prejudices which Spaniards like all other nations, have. in rizal's introduction, Blumentritt noted that the book was "so rare that the few libraries that have a copy guard it with the same care as they would an Inca treasure" (rizal 1890 intro). The so-called Pavn manuscripts, dated 1838 to 1839, included Las antiguas leyendas de la Islas de Negros (The old legends of Negros Island), which included the "Kalantiaw Code," a set of laws supposedly written in 1433. Chirino relates an anecdote of his coolness under fire once during a truce for a marriage among Mindanao "principalia." Gaspar de San Agustin, there would have been no fruit of the Evangelic Doctrine They seem to forget that in almost every case the reason for the rupture has been some Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. Torres-Navas, , V, items No. celebrated Silonga, later distinguished for many deeds in raids on the Bisayas and It was the custom then always to have a thousand or more native bowmen and besides the crew were almost all Filipinos, for the most part Bisayans. He became Duke of Cea in 1604 (de Atienza, Julio, Nobiliario espanol (Madrid, 1954), 843Google Scholar; Phelan, , Quito, 369).Google Scholar. The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of an ancient Filipino. Still there are Mahometans, the Moros, in the southern islands, and negritos, igorots and other heathens yet occupy the greater part territorially of the archipelago. A new edition of First Series 39. What would these same writers have said if the crimes committed by the Spaniards, the Portuguese and the Dutch in their colonies had been committed by the islanders? The Buhahayen people were in their own country, and had neither offended nor declared war upon the Spaniards. An early historian asserts that without this fortunate circumstance, for the Spaniards, it would have been impossible to subjugate them. uncle, Jose Alberto, This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a not seen and, as it was wartime, it would have been the height of folly, in view of the annotations into English. could not pass unless she had a husband or lover to extend a hand to assist her. [1] It was published in 1609 after he was reassigned to Mexico in two volumes by Casa de Geronymo Balli, in Mexico City. Merino, M., OSA., (Madrid, 1954), 59, 81, 115, 259, 279, 404, 424)Google Scholar. He found it to be civil, as opposed to the religious history of the Philippines written during the colonial period. Annotation of Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who 8. In this lesson, you will learn the importance of analyzing other peoples works in the past in order to gain a deeper understanding of our nation, with anticipation that you, too, may write a reliable historical fact of the Philippines. There were, moreover, men in the Philippines who had fought at Lepanto and whose presence in Asia may well have seemed symbolic (Retana, 79*; Castro, Osario, 33; Lorenzo Perez, OMF., Pr. Austin Craig, an early biographer of Rizal, translated some of the more important annotations into English. With Morgas position in the colonial government, he had access to many He died at the early age of At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: Analyze Rizals ideas on how to rewrite the Philippine History. From what you have learned, provide at least 5 differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using the table below. From the first edition, Mexico, 1609. He was brought to Manila to be a Lieutenant Governor in 1593 and published the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas For fear of uprisings and loss of Spain's sovereignty over the islands, the inhabitants were disarmed, leaving them exposed to the harassing of a powerful and dreaded enemy. mention of the scant output of large artillery from the Manila cannon works because of It is worthy of note that China, Japan and Cambodia at this time maintained Through the centuries, Jose Rizal has been known to be an earnest seeker of Their general, according to Argensola, was the celebrated Silonga, later distinguished for many deeds in raids on the Bisayas and adjacent islands. Legaspi's grandson, Salcedo, called the Hernando Cortez of the Philippines, was Yet these same Indians were defenseless against the balls from their muskets. 42. He sent an account of this voyage back to Spain on 20 May 1594, from Vera Cruz. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. considered evidence of native culture. Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish Quoted in de la Costa, H. In the time of Governor Gomez Perez Dasmarias, Manila was guarded against Some stayed in Manila as prisoners, one, Governor Corcuera, passing five years with Fort Santiago as his prison. gathered, for the infidels wanted to kill the Friars who came to preach to them." To learn more about our eBooks, visit the links below: An account of the history of the Spanish colony in the Philippines during the 16th century. to his contract with the King of Spain, there was fighting along the Rio Grande with the The Japanese were not in error when they suspected the Spanish and Portuguese religious propaganda to have political motives back of the missionary activities. Argensola writes that in the assault on Ternate, "No officer, Spaniard or Indian, went God grant that it may not be the last, though to judge by statistics the civilized islands are losing their populations at a terrible rate. From the first edition, Mexico, 1609. The Filipino plant was burned with all that was in it save a musk perfume, and stores of provisions, he took 150 prisoners. 27. Of the government of Don Francisco Tello 7. 25. Morgas work, They had As a lawyer, it is obvious that he would hardly fail to seek such evidence. Compare and contrast Rizal and Morgas different views about Filipinos and The study of ethnology is restoring this somewhat. Render date: 2023-03-04T07:52:09.876Z (1926), 147Google Scholar. It is regrettable that these chants have not been preserved as from them it would have been possible to learn much of the Filipinos' past and possibly of the history of neighboring islands. But imagine how difficult it was to search for information during those days most of the available sources were either written by friars of the religious orders and zealous missionaries determined to wipe out native beliefs and cultural practices, which they considered idolatrous and savage. Still the Spaniards say that the Filipinos have contributed nothing to Mother Spain, and that it is the islands which owe everything. troops, there went 1,500 Filipino soldiers from the more warlike provinces, principally It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain Often highlighted the "primitive" or "uncivilized" name of the indios. Young Spaniards out of bravado fired at his feet but he passed on as if unconscious of the bullets. Magellan himself inaugurated his arrival in the Marianes islands by burning more than forty houses, many small craft and seven people because one of his boats had been stolen. 15Ov.-15r., MS in archives of San Cugat College, Barcelona. True Dr. Jose Rizal found Dr. Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in London Museum Library on May 24, 1888. Morga sailed in the Santiago (Navas, Torres, III, 11718Google Scholar; IV, 11. Spanish conquistador, gov't official, and historical anthropologist; author of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands). Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas? Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of The first English translation was published in London in 1868 and another English translation by Blair and Robertson was published in Cleveland in 1907. As to the mercenary social Written with Jose Rizal, Europe 1889 as a signature, the following Preface was indicated in Rizals Annotation (From Annotations to Dr. Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, n.d., as translated in English): To the Filipinos: In Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer) I started to sketch the present state of our native land. for this article. this may be cited the claims that Japan fell within the Pope's demarcation lines for In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. While in London, Rizal immediately acquainted himself with the British Museum where he found one of the few remaining copies of Morgas Sucesos. The Filipinos' favorite fish : En casa de Geronymo Balli. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The National University of Singapore 1969, Antonio De Morga and his Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0217781100005081, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Truth is that the ancient activity was scarcely for the Faith alone, because the missionaries had to go to islands rich in spices and gold though there were at hand Mohammedans and Jews in Spain and Africa, Indians by the million in the Americas, and more millions of protestants, schismatics and heretics peopled, and still people, over six-sevenths of Europe. Still the incident contradicts the reputation for enduring everything which they have had. The Filipino chiefs who at their own expense went with the Spanish expedition His book, published in 1609, ranges more widely than its title . rule, of the tributes collected by the encomenderos, of the nine million dollars yearly personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. Of the government of Dr. Santiago de Vera 5. The country's political, social and economic systems. Morgas work, which is based partly on documentary research, keen observation, and partly on his personal involvement and knowledge, is said to be the best account of Spanish colonialism in the country. In not more than five (5) sentences, write your own interpretation of Rizals statement on the left. . Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga (1st ed.). What does Dr. Morga's book "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" talk about? The Hakluyt Society published the first English editon, edited by Baron Stanley of Alderley, in 1868. That the Spaniards used the word "discover" very carelessly may be seen from 4154; 91, Item No. Some stayed in Manila as prisoners, one, Governor Corcuera, passing five years with had not its emperors uprooted Catholicism? the British Museum where he found one of the few remaining copies of Morgas It might be advisable to lead up to the matter by informing the Japanese Emperor of the recent troubles, resulting in some deaths, caused by the Chinese in Manila: this would show that the Spanish were not being unjust. From the earliest Spanish days ships were built in the islands, which might be men from the Philippines and the Marianes Islands. peace. Rather than expose his two youngest children to the perils of the voyage Morga left them in Spain. the "conqueror's" intelligent right arm and the hero of the "conquest." The barbarous tribes in Mindanao still have the same taste. references say that while in Europe, Rizal came across research papers published by Of the government of Don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peiialosa 4. The same governor, in like manner, also fortified the point at the entrance to the river . He meticulously added footnotes on every joined by other Filipinos in Pangasinan. Activity/ Evaluation 10 Instructions: In not more than 5 sentences each. Jesuit's line of reasoning, the heroic Spanish peasantry in their war for independence Retana, , 23541Google Scholar; Blair, E. H. and Robertson, J. (Austin Craig). It is worthy of note that China, Japan and Cambodia at this time maintained relations with the Philippines. It neither is, nor ought to be, decayed. 7. The same mistake was made with reference to the other early events still wrongly commemorated, like San Andres' day for the repulse of the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong. civilized islands are losing their populations at a terrible rate. One wonders why the Philippines could have a The Filipinos have been much more long-suffering than the Chinese since, in spite of having been obliged to row on more than one occasion, they never mutinied. When Morga says that the lands were "entrusted" (given as encomiendas) to those who had "pacified" them, he means "divided up among." The chiefs used to wear upper garments, usually of Indian fine gauze according because of their nonspiritual and factual contents since at that time, religious historians got complaints as they dwelt more of the friar's ill practices than the history of the Philippines and its people.

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