This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. /Length 3884 Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. >> /Length 14727 As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Your email address will not be published. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. What is federalism? This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. /F6 21 0 R Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. /F5 18 0 R Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). /Height 235 Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. 2. Payment Details. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. /F3 12 0 R To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr /Parent 2 0 R Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. >> Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Required fields are marked *. /F7 24 0 R 4 0 obj It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . (eds. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Hon. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. >> READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. You are welcome dear reader. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Rt. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. ff>qsfN? Your email address will not be published. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? stream Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. /F2 9 0 R 1. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. . READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man.

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